dissabte, 13 de juliol del 2024

Joelette_Espot_Josep_Ma_Blanc

Excursionisme inclusiu amb CIM Project:

Ruta d’Espot al Refugi Josep M.Blanc amb una cadira tot terreny monoroda (Joëlette).

Et convidem a participar en una sortida especial, on la inclusió i l’estima per la natura van plegats.

A través d’aquest vídeo, on cap escena ha estat preparada, podrem comprovar com es pot fer possible el que semblava impossible. Les paraules de l’Albert ho diuen tot: “ha estat un regal poder tornar a llocs on hi havia estat escalant”.

El vídeo no pretén ser una crònica completa de l’excursió, sinó que se centra en la realitat de la conducció de la cadira. Les imatges, gravades des d’una mirada acadèmica, poden servir com a eina pedagògica per a la formació i la sensibilització sobre la inclusió en l’esport.

Enllaç a Wikiloc del track realitzat on trobareu els detalls tècnics de la ruta

Vídeo en HD a Youtube.

dissabte, 23 de desembre del 2023

Nadal 2023

diumenge, 11 de juny del 2023

Wifi and Ubuntu 23.04

En actualitzar a Ubuntu 23.04 el wifi deixa de funcionar.

Comprovarem que el BIOS/UEFI no tingui activat el secureboot.

Verifiquem la versió

$ uname -v

6.2.0.20-generic

Comprovarem si la interfície de wifi ens retorna UNCLAIMED

$ lshw -C network

*-network UNCLAIMED

Si és així, desinstal·larem tots el drivers que poguéssim tenir instal·lats.

I els instal·larem de nou:

Per a la interfície Broadcom BCM43142

$ sudo apt-get update

$ sudo apt-get install bcmwl-kernel-source

$ sudo apt-get firmware-b43-installer

Reiniciem.

Referències:

https://askubuntu.com/questions/25022/how-to-enable-boot-messages-to-be-printed-on-screen-during-boot-up

https://owlhowto.com/how-to-install-broadcom-wifi-drivers-on-linux-mint/

dissabte, 15 d’abril del 2023

EA3DW

Avui, el dia del meu aniversari, Telecos m'ha regalat un nou indicatiu de dues lletres.

Benvingut, EA3DW

Adéu, EA3FET

Podeu veure més entrades sota l'etiqueta EA3FET

divendres, 3 de febrer del 2023

Administrant pi-star via Zerotier

_________________________________________

Cal haver creat primer un compte a Zerotier

_________________________________________

Ens connectem per SSH a Pi-star

# Posem el sistema en mode escriptura

rpi-rw

# Treiem el zerotier en cas que hi sigui

sudo apt remove zerotier-one

# Creem la interficie i obrim el port 9993 de sortida

# Editem el fitxer i afegim la linia seguent:

sudo nano /root/ipv4.fw

iptables -A OUTPUT -p udp --dport 9993 -j ACCEPT

# Gravem el fitxer i verifiquem que ha quedat correcte

sudo cat /root/ipv4.fw

# Podem verificar el fitxer iptable.riules. / amb drets de root

# s'ha haver registrat:

# -A OUTPUT -p udp -m udp --dport 9993 -j ACCEPT

# Reiniciem el tallafocs de pi-star

sudo pistar-firewall

# Instalem el zerotier

curl -s https://install.zerotier.com/ | sudo bash

# Engegem el servei de zerotier al iniciar el sistema

sudo systemctl enable zerotier-one

# Verifiquem que ha quedat correctament instal·lat

sudo zerotier-cli status

# Ha de retornar status 200 info XXXXXXXXXX 1.10.6 ONLINE

# Ens conectem a zerotier amb el nostre Network ID

sudo zerotier-cli join XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

#Tornem a posar el sistema només en mode lectura

rpi-ro

____________________

# Des del navegador, anem al nostre zerotier

https://www.zerotier.com/

# Engeguem el zerotier previament instal·lat en el nostre PC

# Des d'un navegador accedim amb la IP del node al que volem connectar.

# Consultar amb l'administrador de la xarxa on afegim el node per afegir els nous clients.

_________________________________________

Referències

https://www.kp3av.net/como-instalar-zerotier-en-una-raspberry-con-pistar#

https://forum.pistar.uk/viewtopic.php?t=2479

dimecres, 10 de febrer del 2021

Del medi urbà al rural

diumenge, 10 de gener del 2021

DMR Preguntes i respostes

dijous, 24 de desembre del 2020

Nadal 2020

dilluns, 21 de desembre del 2020

Conjunció Jupiter - Saturn

Avui resulta un dia curiós!

dissabte, 19 de desembre del 2020

The Basics of DMR

Beginners Quick Guide | The Basics of DMR Digital Mobile Radio

(Updated: 2020 April)

Ham Talk
Posted by Jackson Chen
July 31, 2018

--- by Jason Reilly

Introduction:

"The nice thing about standards is there are so many to choose from." I love the ironic humor in this statement; a standard should result in everyone doing things the same way in order to be compatible, and prevent having to constantly re-invent the wheel. Yet, everyone has to have their own standard! Just take two-way radio digital voice systems for example: there’s P25 phase 1 and phase 2, NDXN, DMR, TETRA, OpenSky, Provoice, and dPMR, along with a whole host of legacy digital voice modes as well. That doesn’t even consider the ham radio contenders, such as DStar, Fusion, FreeDV, some old offerings from Alinco & AOR and so on. And guess what? Absolutely none of them are compatible!

Choosing what digital voice standard you'll go with can be daunting. For emergency services and government communications, P25 is by far the most dominant, there’s no doubt about that. For business & private radio, DMR followed by NXDN is the two most popular choice. In the ham radio arena, the picture is a little less clear. DStar took an early lead, but Yaesu is keen to take market share with their Fusion offering. Hams have always been keen to leverage off existing commercial equipment, and it seems the most popular commercial system adopted presently is DMR.

Personally, I think DMR will take the lead in both the commercial business & private two-way radio field as well as in ham radio. This is helped in no small part by the ready availability of DMR radio equipment at prices that rival traditional analog two-way radio, and that one of the biggest names in two-way radio, Motorola, are throwing their weight behind DMR.

Motorola's SL7750 blurs the line between DMR radio and cellular mobile phone

Three flavours:

There are three "tiers" or levels of functionality for DMR systems.

Tier 1: The simplest form of DMR is Tier 1, which is mainly used for simplex communications, with no repeaters. The human voice is digitally sampled and compressed with the AMBE+2 codec, and then transmitted in this digital form to another radio.

Tier 2: Things start to get a bit more complicated here. With Tier 2 DMR, repeaters are used in a TDMA arrangement, with two "timeslots. What this means is that two completely separate radio transmissions can be going through the repeater at the same time; each radio takes turns in transmitting in short 27.5 millisecond bursts. In addition to this, radios can be set to logical closed groups called ’talk groups’, which you can think of as ’virtual channels’. Repeaters can be linked via the internet to form networks that can be as small as just two repeaters, or thousands of repeaters across the world. Again, the AMBE+2 codec is used to turn speech into compressed data for transmission. All amateur radio DMR systems are Tier 2, as are many business / commercial radio DMR systems.

Tier 3: This is effectively a trunked radio system on top of Tier 2. A pool of frequencies are used to carry the TDMA transmissions. This is used by more complex or larger networks for big businesses and commercial radio users.

The advantages of DMR:

So why go to all this trouble, when plain old analogue FM works perfectly well? DMR has the advantage that it four times more efficient when it comes to spectrum usage. For one 25 kHz analogue FM channel, you could fit four DMR transmissions. Not only that, but DMR offers some very flexible calling facilities - you can call one person, a group of people, or everyone in your fleet at once. While not every DMR network supports it, sending of data and short messages is also possible. DMR is also designed to be easy to network, with connections using IP, so creating wide coverage areas using a network of DMR repeaters is already built-in; cover your city or cover the entire country! Yet another advantage is because a DMR transmitter is only turned on about half the time due to it transmitting in bursts, battery life is longer.

TYT's hugely popular MD-380 can be bought for around $100

Some DMR Jargon:

Colour codes: Every DMR transmission uses a "colour code" which is very similar to CTCSS or PL tones in the analogue radio world. On a repeater or simplex frequency, every radio must use the same colour code to be able to communicate together. The main use for colour codes is for where two repeater coverage areas on the same frequency may overlap, different colour codes are used to ensure each radio accesses the correct repeater.

Timeslot: For Tier 2 and 3 systems, a timeslot is a slice of time, about 30ms long, that a radio can transmit in, or receive in. There are two timeslots per frequency, and you need to have your radio configured for the right colour code for the repeater, the correct timeslot and correct talkgroup for you to be able to hear anything.

Zones: This is simply a collection of channels & talkgroups, all grouped together in one "zone" or bank. A radio user can switch zones to access a different lot of channels & talkgroups that they may wish to use. Typically a zones are divided into repeaters for different areas, so you might have one zone for the west side of a city, and another covering the east side of the city - but there's nothing to say that you must set up a zone that way.

Code Plug: This is a Motorola term that has stuck over the years, and in the DMR context means a complete configuration file of channels, talkgroups, zones, contacts etc. for a radio. The code plug can be saved to computer disc, and is used to program a radio to give it the functionality a user requires.

CPS: Another Motorola term, meaning Customer Program Software. Simply put, this is the software you’d use to create a "code plug" and configure your radio.

Hotspot: A small box that connects to the internet and acts like your own personal low power DMR repeater, useful if you're not in range of a DMR repeater to access. You can even take them with you and use your cell / mobile phone wireless data to connect the hotspot to the internet and be able to use DMR anywhere you get cellular signal. Most hotspots are multi-mode, handling not only DMR but DStar, Yaesu Fusion and P25 as well. ZUMspot, Jumbospot, Openspot, MMDVM etc are all examples of hotspots that you can buy or build yourself.

Radioddity GD-77, dual band, DMR & FM, I think the best bang-for-your-buck DMR portable, also around $100

So what's in it for me?

The use of DMR in radio hobbyist circles falls into two categories: ham / amateur radio and scanning receiver use. Lets take a quick look at each:

Ham radio: Hams have long taken advantage of surplus, second hand, or even new commercial radio equipment and re-purposed it for their own use, and DMR equipment is no exception. Worldwide, DMR enabled and connected repeaters are appearing and are interconnected to provide a huge linked network spanning the entire globe. Depending on the talk group selected, you could be communicating just around town, across your region, across the entire country, and some groups even cover the world. Motorola DMR equipment is frequently used, but increasingly the cheaper units, in particular TYT, have increased the affordability and availability of DMR equipment to the mass market. In some cases, you can get on air to the DMR scene for less than a hundred dollars!

Scanning: As the world relentlessly marches on to a digital future, many businesses and commercial interests have migrated their legacy analogue FM two way radio systems to DMR. There are scanners available that can hear DMR, enabling the scanning hobbyist to continue to listen to such transmissions. For those hobbyists who can’t justify the high price tag of those scanners to listen in to DMR, there are other alternatives: certain computer software can decode DMR with a regular scanner and a ’discriminator tap’, or a ’virtual audio cable’ if using an SDR, or if portable DMR reception is desired, an entry level DMR transceiver from TYT or Radioddity will do the job very well - to keep yourself on the correct side of the law, you should disable any transmit capabilities of these transceivers.

If you are looking for a quick guide on how to program the digital channels for your Radioddity GD-77 or RD-5R, take a look here:

http://members.optuszoo.com.au/jason.reilly1/Radioddity-DMR-Quick-Start-Guide-GD-77&RD-5R.pdf (1.1 Mb)

Post original a : radioddity.com